This bibliography brings together key archival collections, writings by Raphael Lemkin, UN documents, and selected scholarship to support further research on his life, ideas, and legacy.
Works by Raphael Lemkin
- Lemkin, R. (1944) Axis rule in occupied Europe: Laws of occupation, analysis of government, proposals for redress. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Division of International Law.
- Lemkin, R. (1945) ‘Genocide—A modern crime’, Free World, 9(4), pp. 39–43.
- Lemkin, R. (1946) ‘Genocide’, The American Scholar, 15(2), pp. 227–230.
- Lemkin, R. (1947) ‘Genocide as a crime under international law’, American Journal of International Law, 41(1), pp. 145–151.
- Lemkin, R. (2013) Totally unofficial: The autobiography of Raphael Lemkin. Edited by D.-L. Frieze. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Lemkin, R. (2020) Soviet genocide in Ukraine (Article in 33 languages). Edited by R. Serbyn and compiled by O. Stasiuk. Kyiv: Melnyk M. Yu. Publishing House.
UN and Genocide Convention Documents
- United Nations (1948) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Paris, 9 December.
- United Nations. Secretary-General (1947) Draft Convention on the Crime of Genocide.
Secondary Literature
- Cooper, J. (2008) Raphael Lemkin and the struggle for the Genocide Convention. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Elder, T. (2005) ‘What you see before your eyes: Documenting Raphael Lemkin’s life by exploring his archival papers, 1900–1959’, Journal of Genocide Research, 7(4), pp. 469–499.
- Gasparyan, S., Paronyan, S., Chubaryan, A. and Muradyan, G. (2016) Raphael Lemkin’s draft convention on genocide and the 1948 UN Convention: A comparative discourse study. Yerevan: YSU Press.
- Irvin-Erickson, D. (2017) Raphaël Lemkin and the concept of genocide. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Moses, A. D. (2010) ‘Raphael Lemkin, culture, and the concept of genocide’, in Bloxham, D. and Moses, A. D. (eds.) The Oxford handbook of genocide studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 19–41.
- Sands, P. (2016) East West Street: On the origins of “genocide” and “crimes against humanity”. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
- Schaller, D. J. and Zimmerer, J. (eds.) (2009) The origins of genocide: Raphael Lemkin as a historian of mass violence. London: Routledge.Weiss-Wendt, A. (2011) Raphael Lemkin and the UN Genocide Convention. Oslo: HL-senteret.
Archival Collections
- American Jewish Archives (n.d.) Raphael Lemkin Papers. MS-60. Cincinnati, OH.
- Columbia University Libraries, Rare Book & Manuscript Library (n.d.) Raphael Lemkin Papers, 1931–1947. MS#1653. New York.
- The New York Public Library, Manuscripts and Archives Division (n.d.) Raphael Lemkin Papers, 1946–1959. MssCol 1730. New York.
Digital Resources
- Center for Jewish History (n.d.) Raphael Lemkin and the Quest to End Genocide. Google Arts & Culture.